*********A*********
By Authority Of
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Legally Binding Document
By the Authority Vested By Part 5 of the United States Code § 552(a) and
Part 1 of the Code of Regulations § 51 the attached document has been duly
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE and shall be considered legally
binding upon all citizens and residents of the United States of America.
HEED THIS NOTICE : Criminal penalties may apply for noncompliance.
Document Name: APSP 16: standard Suction Fittings for Use in Swimming
Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs
CFR Section(s):
Standards Body: Association of Pool and Spa Professionals
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
American National Standard for
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pjnerican NaUo naJs
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Suction Fittings for Use in
Swimming Pools, Wading Pools,
Spas, and Hot Tubs
Approved February 17, 2011
The Association of
Pool & Spa Professionals"
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
Suction Fittings for Use in
Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs
Errata, 20110930
Page
15
18
A-2
Error
2.3.1.2 Entrapping Force Criterion for Q equation is shown incorrectly. T he correct equation is shown below.
3.1.1: The words "conducted by a certific ation body" ha ve been deleted. Corrected paragraph is shown below.
3.1.6: This paragraph was incorrectly divided into two paragraphs. Corrected paragraph is shown below.
3.3.1, 3.4, 3.5.2, and 3.6.1: These equations incorrectly omitted "x K." Corrected paragraphs are shown below.
3.7.1: The word "vacuum" has b een replaced by "differential pressure."
Table 1: Incorrect numbers in rows 1 and 10 of this table have been fixed. Corrected rows are shown on back.
7.1.1: The lines "Swim Jet" and "Life: 7 Years" were incorrectly shown on the same line. Corrected example is
shown on back,
Table II: In the second row under "Field Fabricated Outlets," the word "Yes" has been corrected to "Per manufac-
turer." Corrected row is shown on back.
2.3.1.2 Entrapping Force Criterion for Q
Q = a,
41.
3.1.1 Certification. All testing and any certification of
products to this Standard shall be in accordance with
ISO/IEC 17025, except for field fabrication suction outlets
which shall be certified in accordance with para. 2.3.1.7.
3.1.6 Crack Detection. After each physical test, the unit
shall be washed in a standard liquid detergent solution,
rinsed with clear water, and dried prior to application of ink
as specified in para. 3.1.6.1. After inking, the unit shall be
visually inspected in accordance with para. 3.1.6.2.
To hasten drying, the surface of the unit shall be permitted
to be wiped with a clean chamois leather or a clean
absorbent lint-free material for this test only.
3.3.1 Test Method. Using the tup and a 2 in. (5i mm)
diameter "Skin Pad" on the face of the tup, and tup speed
described in para. 3.3, the six fittings shall be mounted in
a horizontal plane and tested. The "Skin Pad" is a Y* in.
(635 mm) thick Buna-N rubber pad of Shore A durometer
60 ±5 hardness. The tup and pad shall be centered
(a) on the fitting face
(b) at two points midway between the center and
edge
(c) at two points between stiffeners, if any
(d) at two points furthest from any support post.
A load is applied at each of the above locations until
300 Ibf x K ±10 Ibf ft 334 N x K ±44 N) is reached.
3.4 Horizontal Load and Deformation Test
Fittings to be tested shall be the six as previously tested in
para. 3.3. This test is identical to the Vertical Test except
that the load is 150 Ibf x K ±5 Ibf (667 N^:K±22 N), This
applies only to fittings intended for and marked "Wall Only"
or "Wall or Floor."
3.5.2 Performance Requirement. Suction fittings shall not
sustain loss of any material from the fitting, exclusive of
plating or finish upon protrusion, or when a value of 600
Ibf x K ±10 Ibf (2 669 N^K±44 N) is reached. Permanent
deformation shall not be considered a failure.
3.6.1 Test Method. The fitting shall be tested by the
application of a 150 Ibf x K ±5 Ibf (667 N x K±22 N) test
load applied 30° from the mounting plane by a loading
face 2 in. 2 (645 mm 2 ) covered with a 2 in. x 2 in. ( 51 mm
x 51 mm) "Skin Pad" on its face. The six fittings shall be
tested using the point load machine described in para.
3.3. Three fittings shall be tested with fasteners directly in
line with the load to test the fastener's strength, and three
shall be tested with the load midway between fasteners for
general strength.
3.7.1 Test Method
(a) The fitting to be tested shall be mounted on a
horizontal surface and covered with a 20 mil (0,5 mm)
plastic material or other suitable material. The fitting outlet
shall be connected to a vacuum or pressure (pressure
will be required for K factors greater than 1.0 ) system
and it shall be subjected to a 28.5 in. (724 mm) Hg x K
differential pressure within 60 sec ±5 sec. The vacuum
shall be sustained for 5 min ±10 sec.
(c>2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
Table 1: Applicable Body Block Element -
■ Calculation of Removal Force
Bather
Min. Width
Blocking Element
to Shadow
Tested Cover
Blocking Element
Length = Basis is
1.2777 x Width Child Width
Ratio of
Element
Width to
Child Width
Times Child
Ratio Weight =
Cubed 30 lb
One-Half
Weight
Maximum
Removal
Effort No.
99th percentile male
18
13.5
23.0 9
17,2 9
2.00
1.50
8,00 240
3.38 101
120
51
120
51
7.1.1 Fittings that comply with ASME A112.19.8 shall be
permanently marked as follows in a manner that is visible
in the installed position and where the text is no smaller
than 0.08 in. (2,03 mm) tall:
(a) The following is an example of a typical marking:
EXAMPLE:
For Multiple Drain Use Only
108 GPM
Swim Jet
Life: 7 Years
Wall Only
Quantum 1563-W
Table II Fitting Type Requirements
Type
Field Fabricated
Outlets
Venturi
Outlets
Swim Jet
Combination Outlets
Submerged
Suction Outlets
Self-Contained
Spa Fittings
Certification
Registered Design
Professional
Independent
Laboratory (1)
Independent
Laboratory (1)
Independent
Laboratory (1)
Independent
Laboratory (1)
Single or multiple
Per manufacturer
Per manufacturer
Per manufacturer
Per manufacturer
Multiple only
©2011 The Association of Poo! & Spa Professionals
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
American National Standard for
Suction Fittings for Use in
Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs
SECRETARIAT:
Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
2111 Eisenhower Avenue
Alexandria, VA 22314
703 838-0083
APSP.org
Approved February 17, 2011
American National Standards Institute
American National Standard
Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus,
and other criteria for approval have been met by the standard developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of
the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests.
Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.
Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution.
The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone,
whether he has approved this standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or
procedures not conforming to the standards.
The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation
of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an
American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should
be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.
NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National
Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard.
Important Notice about this Document
This voluntary standard has been developed under the published procedures of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
The ANSI process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus.
APSP does not write the standards. Rather, APSP facilitates a forum for its members, and others interested in pool and spa design and
safety, to develop standards through the consensus procedures of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). While the APSP
administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test,
evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its codes and standards.
In issuing and making this document available, the APSP is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any
person or entity, Nor is the APSP undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. The APSP disclaims liability
for any persona! injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory,
directly or indirectly resulting from the publication of, use of, or reliance on this document
The APSP has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. The APSP does not
list, certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or other statement of
compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the APSP. Any certification of products stating compliance
with requirements of this document is the sole responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement The APSP, its members, and those
participating in its activities do not accept any liability resulting from compliance or noncompliance with the provisions given herein, for any
restrictions imposed on materials, or for the accuracy and completeness of the text.
Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent
professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstance. It is assumed and intended that pool users will
exercise appropriate personal judgment and responsibility and that public pool owners and operators will create and enforce rules of
behavior and warnings appropriate for their facility.
Copyright Notice
Copyright ©2011 by The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals, 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314-4695. Printed in the United States
of America. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transcribed or transmitted, in any form or by any
means or method, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise, without advance written permission from the publisher: The Association of
Pool & Spa Professionals, 2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22314-4695.
"APSP," 'The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals," and the APSP logo are trademarks of The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals.
Cover Photo: Courtesy of Michelle Vlach Photography, www.michellevlach.com
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals II
Foreword
This Foreword is not part of the American National Standard ANSI/APSP-16 2011. It is included for information only.
The ANSI/APSP-16 2011, Standard for Suction Fittings for Use in Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs, was approved by
ANSI February 17, 2011, as a new standard.
The objective of this voluntary standard is to provide recommended minimum guidelines for testing and marking requirements for suction
fittings that are designed for use on totally submerged suction outlets in swimming pools, wading pools, spas, and hot tubs, as well as
other aquatic facilities. It is intended to meet the needs for incorporation into national or regional building codes, and also for adoption
by federal, state, and/or local governments, and/or as a local code or ordinance. It is understood that for the sake of applicability and
enforceability, the style and format of the standard may need adjustment to meet code or ordinance style of the jurisdiction adopting this
document.
The APSP does not certify, test or endorse any product.
The recommendations and testing practices in this standard are based upon sound engineering principles, research, and field experience
that, when applied properly, contribute to the delivery and installation of a safe product.
The words "safe" and "safety" are not absolutes. While the goals of this standard are to design and construct a safe, enjoyable product,
it is recognized that risk factors cannot, as a practical matter, be reduced to zero in any human activity. This standard does not replace
the need for good judgment and personal responsibility. In permitting use of the pool or spa by others, owners must consider the skill,
attitude, training, and experience of the expected user.
As with any product, the specific recommendations for installation and use provided by the manufacturer should be carefully observed.
This standard was prepared by the APSP-16 Suction Fittings Standard Writing Committee of the Association of Pool and Spa
Professionals (APSP) in accordance with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Essential Requirements: Due process
requirements for American National Standards.
Consensus approval was achieved by a ballot of the balanced APSP Standards Consensus Committee below and through an ANSI Public
Review process. The ANSI Public Review provided an opportunity for additional input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, safety
experts, state code and health officials, and the public at large.
Suggestions for improvement of this standard should be sent to the Association of Pool and Spa Professionals, 2111 Eisenhower Avenue,
Alexandria, VA 22314.
jjj ©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
Organizations Represented
Consensus approval in accordance with ANSI procedures was
achieved by ballot of the following APSP Standards Consensus
Committee. Inclusion in this list does not necessarily imply that
the organization concurred with the submittal of the proposed
standard to ANSI.
Producers
All American Custom Pools & Spas, Inc. . . John Romano
Custom Pools, Inc Scott Heusser
Gary Pools, Inc Leif Zars
Hayward Industries , John O'Hare
HornerXpress South Florida Bill Kent
Master Spas Inc. Nathan Coelho
Rosebrook Carefree Pools, Inc John Bently
Royal Fiberglass Pools Inc Tony Hebert
S.R. Smith, LLC Bill Svendsen
Van Kirk & Sons, Inc Don Cesarone
General Interest
American Red Cross Connie Harvey
Con-Sen/ Associates, Inc Wally James
Conroe Independent School District, TX . . . Louis Sam Fruia
Higgins Environmental Solutions
(NEHA) Florence Higgins
Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Michael Beatty
Gene Wells Consulting Gene Wells
Don Witte, Consultant Don Witte
World Waterpark Association Rick Root
Wyndham Worldwide Corporation
(American Hotel & Lodging Association). . . Tony Mendez
YMCA of the USA Albert Tursi
Government/ User
City of Southfield, Ml Wayne Jewell
City of Mount Dora, FL Tom Allen
Fairfax County, VA Marc Mordue
Indiana Building Safety and Codes Don LeBrun
Madison County Inspection Dept., Wl Matthew Danner
N.J. Dept. of Community Affairs
Division of Codes and Standards Thomas Pitcherello
Oregon Public Health Division Stephen Keifer
Wisconsin Dept. of Commerce
Safety and Buildings Division Lynita Docken
Texas Dept. of State Health Services Kathleen Moore
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Troy Whitfield*
Washington State Dept. of Health Gary Fraser
*non-voting
In accordance with American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
procedures, this document will be reviewed periodically. The
Association of Pool & Spa Professionals welcomes your comments
and suggestions, and continues to review all APSP standards, which
include:
ANSI/APSP-1 2003 Standard for Public Swimming Pools
ANSI/APSP-2 1999 Standard for Public Spas
ANSI/APSP-3 1999 Standard for Permanently Installed
Residential Spas
ANSI/APSP4 1999 Standard for Aboveground/Onground
Residential Swimming Pools
ANSI/APSP-5 2011 Standard for Residential Inground
Swimming Pools
ANSI/APSP-6 1999 Standard for Residential Portable Spas
ANSi/APSP-7 2006 Standard for Suction Entrapment Avoidance in
Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs, and Catch Basins
ANSI/APSP-8 1996 Model Barrier Code for Residential Swimming
Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs
ANSI/APSP-9 2005 Standard for Aquatic Recreation Facilities
ANSI/APSP-11 2009 Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools
and Spas
ANSI/APSP-14 2011 Standard for Portable Electric Spa
Energy Efficiency
APSP-15 Standard for Pool and Spa Energy Efficiency (Draft)
ANSI/APSP -16 2011 Suction Fittings for Use in Swimming Pools,
Wading Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs
APSP-17 Manufactured Safety Vacuum Release Systems (SVRS) for
Residential and Commercial Swimming Pool, Spa, Hot Tub, and
Wading Pool Suction Systems (Draft)
APSP 2005 Workmanship Standards for Swimming Pools and Spas
APSP-16 Writing Committee
Gary Pools, Inc Leif Zars, Chair
NSF International Sal Aridi, Vice Chair
Aquatic Development Group Jim Dunn
Balboa Water Group, Inc Paul Rosenau
Hayward Pool Products Robert Rung
IAPMO Maribel Campos
Paramount Pool and Spa Systems Dominic Conn
Pentair Water Pool and Spa Steve Barnes
Stingl Products LLC David Stingl
Texas Dept. of State Health Services Kathleen 0. Moore
Underwriters Laboratories Inc Gary Siggins
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Troy Whitfield*
Vac-Alert Industries, LLC George Pellington
Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Andrea M. Crabb
Water Technology, Inc Brian W. Freber
Waterway Plastics Inc Ray Mirzaei
* non-voting
APSP Staff
Bernice Crenshaw, Director, Standards and Technical Information
Carvin DiGiovanni, Senior Director, Technical and Standards
©2011 The Association of Pooi & Spa Professionals
IV
ANSi/APSP-16 2011
Contents
Sections page
1 General , i
2 Fitting Design, Assembly, and Material Requirements , 3
3 Physical Testing 5
4 Hair Entrapment 8
5 Body Entrapment , 13
6 Finger and Limb Entrapment 15
7 Packaging and Installation Instructions , 18
Figures
1 Finger Probe "Edge" 2
2 Field Built Sump .5
3 Test Tank Pull Mechanism , 9
4 Test Tank Side View 9
5 Test Tank Top View , 9
6 Test Tank Mounting Plate 10
7 Test Tank Baffles 10
8 Anticlastic Mounting Surface (Typical) 11
9 Hair Test Configuration for Self-Contained Spa Fittings 12
10 Hair Test Diagrams 13
11 Body Block Element 14
12 Body Block Element Dimensions 14
13 Finger Probe-Finger and Limb Entrapment Test 16
14 Finger Probe , 16
15 Finger Probe Dimensions 17
16 Finger Probe Knuckle Dimensions 17
Tables
1 Applicable Body Block Element
Calculation of Removal Force 15
Mandatory Appendices
I Torso Specimen With Rectangle Superimposed A-l
II FittingType Requirements. , A-2
Non-mandatory Appendix
A Suction Fitting Test Form-Hair Entrapment A-3
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
Suction Fittings For Use In Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, And Hot Tubs
1 General
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 General Requirements. This Standard establishes
materials, testing, and marking requirements for suction
fittings that are designed to be totally submerged for use
in swimming pools, wading pools, spas, and hot tubs, as
well as other aquatic facilities.
1.1.2 Definition. Suction fittings shall be defined as all
components, including the sump and/or body, cover/
grate, and hardware.
1.1.3 Compliance. Demonstration of compliance for this
Standard is merely an indication that the product meets
performance requirements and specifications contained in
this Standard.
1.1.4 Revisions. The provisions of this Standard shall not
be construed to prevent the use of any alternate material
or method of construction provided any such alternate
meets the full intent of the standard.
1.1.5 Exclusions
1.1.5.1 Skimmers shall be excluded from evaluation to
this Standard.
1.1.5.2 Vacuum connection covers shall be excluded
from evaluation to this Standard.
1.1.6 Types of Suction Fittings
1.1.6.1 General. A manufacturer or designer of any
suction outlet cover/grate shall indicate under which
Type the cover/grate is listed.
1.1.6.2 Field Fabricated Outlets. All non-manufactured
suction outlets constructed in the field with individual
components shall be considered as "Field Fabricated
Outlets."
1.1.6.3 Venturi Outlets. All venturi activated indirect-
suction outlets or venturi activated debris collection
systems shall be considered as "Venturi Outlets."
1.1.6.4 Swim Jet Combination Fittings. All swim jet
combination fittings that combine suction and discharge
into one housing, creating a high velocity, high volume
stream of water to swim, jog, or walk against, as well as
massage, shall be considered "Swim Jet Combination
Fittings."
1.1.6.5 Submerged Suction Outlets. All other suction
outlets for use in swimming pools, wading pools, spas,
and hot tubs, as well as all other aquatic facilities, shall
be considered as "Submerged Suction Outlets."
1.1.6.6 Self-Contained Spa Fittings. Suction outlet
fittings used exclusively in self-contained factory
manufactured spas shall be considered "Self-Contained
Spa Fittings."
1.1.7 Single or Multiple Usage
1.1.7.1 Cover/grates that pass the body entrapment
portion of this Standard as well as meeting all other
requirements in this Standard shall be permanently
marked "For Single or Multiple Outlet Use," "For Single
Outlet Use," or "For Multiple Outlet Use Only" at the
manufacturer's option.
1.1.7.2 Cover/grates that fail the body entrapment
portion of this Standard or any other requirements of
this Standard may not be certified under this Standard.
1.2 Related Standards
Since the scope of this Standard is directly related to
suction fittings, it is important to mention that the fittings
themselves represent only one portion of the suction
entrapment scenario. Several other standards, including but
not limited to, ANSI/APSP-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -8 and -9, as
well as ASME A112. 19.17, and ASTM F 2387-04, as outlined
in para. 1.4, should be consulted to provide coverage for the
various other aspects of this potential hazard in swimming
pools, wading pools, spas, and hot tubs.
1.3 Units of Measurement
When values are stated in U.S. Customary units and in
the International System of Units (SI), the values stated
in U.S. Customary units shall be considered as the
standard.
1.4 References
The following standards are referenced in this document.
Unless otherwise specified, the latest edition shall
apply.
ANSI/APSP-1, Standard for Public Swimming Pools
ANSI/APSP-2, Standard for Public Spas
ANSI/APSP-3, Standard for Permanently Installed
Residential Spas
ANSI/APSP-4, Standard for Aboveground/Onground
Residential Swimming Pools
ANSI/APSP-5, Standard for Residential Inground
Swimming Pools
ANSI/APSP-6, Standard for Residential Portable Spas
ANSI/APSP-8, Model Barrier Code for Residential
Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
ANSI/APSP-9, Aquatic Recreation Facilities
Publisher: Association of Pool & Spa Professionals,
APSP, (formerly National Spa and Pool Institute, NSPI),
2111 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria VA 22314
ASME A112.19.17, Manufactured Safety Vacuum
Release Systems (SVRS) for Residential and
Commercial Swimming Pool, Spa, Hot Tub, and
Wading Pool Suction Systems
Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, ASME, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY
10016-5990; Order Department: 22 Law Drive,
P.O. Box 2300, Fairfield NJ 07007-2300
ANSI/ASTM D 638, Standard Test Method for Tensile
Properties of Plastics
ASTM D 256, Standard Test Methods for Determining
the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics
ASTM D 2444, Standard Practice for Impact Resistance
of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup
(Falling Weight)
ASTM D 2466-02, Standard Specification for Polyvinyl
Chloride, PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40
ASTM F 1498-2000, Standard Specification for Taper
Pipe Threads 60° for Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
ASTM F 2387-04, Standard Provisional Specification for
Manufactured Safety Vacuum Release Systems (SVRS)
for Swimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs
ASTM G 154, Standard Practices for Operating
Fluorescent Light Apparatus for UV Exposure of
Nonmetallic Materials
Publisher: ASTM International (ASTM),
100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700,
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
IAPMO PS 33-2007a Flexible PVC Hose for Pools, Hot
Tubs, Spas and Jetted Bathtubs
Publisher: IAPMO Research and Testing,
5001 E. Philadelphia St., Ontario CA 91761 USA
1.5 Definitions
anticlastic: Having opposite curvatures, as the surface
of a saddle.
anti-vortex: The term anti-vortex has been misused
within the industry and largely misunderstood as
somehow relating to entrapment prevention. Anti-vortex
outlet covers were designed to prevent an air-entraining
vortex from forming. The term anti-vortex should not be
construed to impart any protection and should no longer
be referenced in this regard.
applicable body blocking element: A body blocking
element that has a mandatory length to width ratio of
1.2777, a maximum size of 18 in. x 23 in. (457 mm x
584 mm), and a minimum size of 9 in. x 11.5 in.
(229 mm x 292 mm). Its actual size for test purposes is
the smallest size that will completely shadow the
suction cover/grate being tested.
body-blocking element: A flat, rectangular shape with
radiused corners of approved foam and backing of the
torso specimen measuring 18 in. x 23 in. (457 mm x
584 mm) with 4 in. (102 mm) corner radii.
complete system: Comprising a pump, suction outlet,
(and possibly inlet), and connecting piping as specified
by manufacturer. No other operating components
or valves may be included. Safety devices, vents,
suction vacuum release systems, etc., shall be used
only as specified by the manufacturer. Non-operating
components such as drains are permitted.
cover: A fitting or device generally placed between
the suction piping and the bather. Not used in this
document to avoid confusion. See also cover/grate.
cover/ grate: Covering fitting or assembly that separates
the bather from the suction sump or piping, sometimes
referred to as a "grate" or a "cover."
dual outlets: Two suction outlets connected to an
individual suction system but separated by a minimum
of 3 feet (914 mm).
edge: The line of intersection between any two surfaces
with an intersecting angle greaterthan 180°, measured
face to face (see Figure 1), and having a transitional
radius between the two faces of less than 0.75 in.
(19 mm).
field fabricated: When applied to suction outlet
hardware, shall indicate the use or design of
conventional building materials or products, or
of custom fabrication (i.e., weldments) to create
specialized suction outlets.
Figure 1: Finger Probe "Edge"
NOTE
A transition is considered an "edge" when the
angle is greater than 180 deg, and the transition
radius is less than 0.75 in
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
grate: A fitting, assembly, or panel with multiple
openings in its surface. Not used in this Standard to
avoid confusion. See also cover/grate.
indirect-suction: A localized area of low pressure for the
transfer of water from a swimming pool, wading pool,
spa, or hot tub by any means not to include suction
created by the inlet side of a pump or turbine (e.g.,
gravity flow systems where the low pressure under a
cover/ grate is produced by a difference in water levels).
individual suction system: A single suction system
piping arrangement that connects one or more suction
outlets to one or more pumps or gravity flow reservoirs.
manufactured: When applied to fittings, fitting
assemblies, cover/grates, or related devices, indicates
the routine commercial production of such items for
the purpose of providing suction outlet hardware for
swimming pools, wading pools, spas, and hot tubs.
multiple drain use only: Indicating that the referenced
suction outlet may not be used as the single sole
source for water to a pump suction system.
multiple outlets: When applied to suction outlets, shall
mean two or more suction outlets connected to an
individual suction system.
operating component: Any component or part that can
have its functionality changed.
pinch point: Any location inside the assembled suction
fitting where an aperture enlarges upstream and
downstream.
Q: Flow rate in cubic feet per second (ft 3 /sec).
registered design professional: An individual who is
registered or licensed to practice their respective design
profession as defined by the statutory requirements
of the professional registration laws of the state or
jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed.
self-contained factory manufactured spa: A spa/
hydrotherapy unit of irregular or geometric design in
which all control, water heating and water circulation
equipment is an integral part of the product (appliance).
Self-contained factory manufactured spas are
assemblies that are complete with submerged suction
outlets, fittings and connecting hoses assembled
into the body or the shell of the spa at the time of
manufacture.
self-contained spa fittings: A fitting, fitting assembly,
cover/ grate, and related components that provide a
localized low pressure area for the transfer of water from
a Self-Contained, Factory Manufactured Spa.
single drain use: Indicating that the referenced suction
outlet may be used as the single sole source for water
to a pump suction system.
single or multiple drain use: Indicating that the
referenced suction outlet may be used as either the
single sole source for water to a pump suction system,
or may be used in conjunction with additional suction
outlets to a pump suction system.
skin pad: Skin-like cushion consisting of V* in. (6.35 mm)
thick Buna-N rubber, Shore A durometer 60 ±5.
suction outlet: A fitting, fitting assembly, cover/grate,
and related components that provide a localized low-
pressure area for the transfer of water from a swimming
pool, wading pool, spa, or hot tub.
swim jet combination fitting: A fitting that combines
suction and discharge in one housing, creating a high
velocity, high volume stream of water to swim, jog, or
walk, as well as massage.
torso specimen: An 18 in. x 23 in. (457 mm x 584 mm)
rectangular form with 4 in. (102 mm) radiused corners
representing the flat portion of the 99th percentile adult
male body (Mandatory Appendix I).
venturi outlets: Venturi activated indirect-suction cover/
grates or venturi activated debris collection systems.
2 Fitting Design, Assembly, and Material
Requirements
2.1 General Requirements
2.1.1 When fasteners are used, the suction fitting shall
be designed so that tools are required for disassembly.
Standard slotted screws shall not be permitted for affixing
cover/grates to the suction fitting body. Fasteners shall
have a corrosion resistance to the intended environment
equivalent to grade 316 stainless steel as a minimum.
2.1.1.1 Threaded fasteners shall be sized to provide a
minimum of three threads of engagement.
2.1.1.2 Sumps intended to receive fasteners shall be
designed for fifteen secure insertion, tightening, and
removal cycles of the fasteners without stripping. The
design shall inhibit inadvertent cross-threading.
2.1.1.3 Sumps intended for use with self-tapping screws
(those not having threaded inserts) shall be designed
and constructed to accommodate redrilling for insertion
of a threaded insert in a stripped hole to accept the
original size fastener.
2.1.1.4 If threaded inserts are used, they shall be
chosen to preclude any corrosive or chemical reaction
with screws provided for the sump by the manufacturer.
2.1.1.5 Both self-tapping screws and machine screws
with associated threaded inserts shall be permitted.
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
2.1.1.6 The strength of the fastening system shall
conform to the requirements of this Standard.
2.1.2 Suction fitting assemblies that connect directly to
the circulation piping shall attach by a PVC end connection
in accordance with ASTM D 2466, or by a threaded end
connection in accordance with ASTM F 1498.
2.1.3 There shall be no accessible sharp edges to
constitute a hazard with fully assembled suction fittings.
2.1.4 Suction fittings shall not protrude from the installed
surface more than 2 in. (51 mm).
2.2 Fitting Exposure
When polymeric material is used for the manufacture of
suction fitting components they shall be tested as described
in para. 3.2 and be rated for service life in accordance with
para. 7.1.1(b)(5).
2.3 Specific Design Requirements
2.3.1 Field Fabricated Outlets. Field fabricated outlets are
intended as but are not limited to a single suction outlet
and are limited to 1.5 ft/sec (0A6 m/$) of flow through the
open area of the cover/grate unless rated at a lower flow
rate by the Registered Design Professional. They shall be
of such a size that the 18 in. x 23 in. (457 mm x 534 mm)
body-blocking element will not cause a differential pressure
that could cause body entrapment as defined below. They
are further governed by the stipulations of Mandatory
Appendix II.
2.3.1.1 Suction Outlet Cover/Grates. Suction outlet
cover/ grates that cannot be completely covered by
the 18 in. x 23 in. (457 mm x 584 mm) body-blocking
element may be rated by the following formulas, which
shall yield the maximum allowable flow, Q, through the
cover/grate.
All calculations involve the open area of the cover/ grate
only.
2.3.1.2 Entrapping Force Criterion for Q
Q = a
4iT
where
a B = largest area of the openings in ft 2 , that can
be blocked by the torso specimen in the most
demanding position
a R =area of the openings in ft 2 that remain unblocked
a T = total area of the openings in ft 2 in the cover/grate
C = flow coefficient based on the design of the openings
in the cover/grate. It shall be taken at 2.1 unless
otherwise demonstrated by calculation or test.
F = allowable lifting load that can be exerted by a
conscious entrapped person. It is taken at 120 Ibf
(534 N), about half the weight of the 99th percentile
male whose weight is already entirely balanced by
buoyancy.
Q = limiting flow rate in ft 3 /sec based on the allowable
entrapping force
p = mass density of water
= 62.4 lb/ft 3 = 1.940 slugs/ft 3
32.16 ft/sec 2
2.3.1.3 Maximum Rating, ft 3 /sec. The maximum rating
of the cover/grate in cubic feet per second is Q.
2.3.1.4 Maximum Rating, gal/min. The maximum rating
of the cover/grate in gallons per minute is Q multiplied
by 7.48 gal/ft 3 multiplied by 60 sec/min.
2.3.1.5 Alternate Test. As an alternate to para.
2.3.1.2, the Body Entrapment Test of section 5 may be
performed.
2.3.1.6 Sump. Field fabricated outlets shall have a sump
below or behind the cover/grate of the design specified
by the Registered Design Professional to control flow
through the open area of the cover/ grate.
2.3.1.7 Design. The design of field fabricated outlets
shall be further specified by a Registered Design
Professional to fully address the considerations of
cover/grate loadings, durability, hair, finger and limb
entrapment issues, cover/grate secondary layer of
protection, related sump design, and features particular
to the site.
2.3.2 Venturi Outlets. Venturi outlets are outlets that are
venturi activated through indirect suction through a single
cover/grate generally designed for debris collection. Those
that do not connect directly to the circulation piping shall
have the manufacturer's recommended sump below or
behind the outlet cover/ grate. They are further governed by
the stipulations of Mandatory Appendix II.
2.3.3 Swim Jet Combination Fittings. Swim jet combination
fittings are fittings that combine suction and discharge into
one housing and may be used as single inlets/outlets.
They shall connect directly to the circulation piping by a PVC
end connection in accordance with ASTM D 2466, or by a
threaded end connection in accordance with ASTM F 1498.
They are further governed by the stipulations of Mandatory
Appendix II.
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
Figure 2: Field Built Sump
1 1 n 1 1 1 1 1 m 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ittt
Dmin. A
Dmin
mmiii
nxm
D
1.5 Dmin. I min -
NOTES:
(a) D = inside diameter of pipe.
(b) All dimensions shown are minimums.
(c) A broken line (- - -) indicates suggested surnp configuration.
2.3.4 Submerged Suction Outlets. Submerged suction
outlets are manufactured cover/ grate assemblies that may
or may not connect directly to the circulation piping. Those
that do not connect directly to the circulation piping shall
have either the manufacturer's recommended sump below
or behind the outlet cover/grate, or a field built sump of
the design specified by the manufacturer to control flow
through the open area of the cover/grate. Alternatively, a
sump built in accordance with Figure 2 shall be permitted.
They are further governed by the stipulations of Mandatory
Appendix II
2.3.5 Self-Contained Spa Fittings. Self-contained spa
fittings shall be used exclusively in Self-Contained Factory
Manufactured Spas and at least two fittings shall be
used for each pump. The installation shall conform to the
applicable requirements of this standard.
2.3.5.1 Installation. Self-contained spa fittings shall be
installed into the body or shell of the spa at the time
of spa manufacture. When used, at least two Self-
Contained Spa Fittings shall be piped so that water is
drawn through them simultaneously through a common
line to the related pump. The use of valves or fittings
capable of isolating one Self-Contained Spa Fitting
from any other on the common line to the related pump
shall be prohibited. This type fitting shall be connected
to the tee leading to the pump utilizing only the fitting
manufacturer's specified size(s) of flexible PVC hose.
The flexible PVC hose specified shall conform to
IAPMO PS 33.
2.3.5.1.1 Maximum Hose Length. The maximum
length of hose between any self-contained spa fitting
and the tee leading to the pump, shall not exceed
13 ft (396,2 cm).
3 Physical Testing
3.1 General
3.1.1 Certification. All testing and any certification of
products to this Standard shall be in accordance with
ISO/IEC 17025, conducted by a certification body, except
for field fabrication suction outlets which shall be certified
in accordance with para. 2.3.1.7.
3.1.2 Conditions for Tests and Evaluation. All tests shall be
conducted at laboratory room temperature of 73.4 °F
±3 °F(23 X±2 °C) unless specified otherwise herein.
3.1.3 Test Procedure. For the tests covered in Section 3, a
minimum of six suction fittings shall be tested in each test
condition, unless otherwise stated. If the parts are made
in different mold cavities, representative samples shall be
taken from different mold cavities for a total of six. Testing
shall be performed immediately after conditioning, as
described in para. 3.1.5.
3.1.4 Test Fixture. The fitting(s) shall be installed in a
rigid fixture that is capable of supporting the fitting(s) in a
manner similar to the actual installation.
3.1.5 Conditioning. All specimens shall be submerged in
water at a temperature of 73.4 °F ±3 °F (23 °C ±2 °C) for
at least 2 hr before testing.
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
3.1.6 Crack Detection. After each physical test, the unit
shall be washed in a standard liquid detergent solution,
rinsed with Clearwater, and dried prior to application of ink
as specified in para. 3.1.6.1. After inking, the unit shall be
visually inspected in accordance with para.
3.1.6.2. To hasten drying, the surface of the unit shall
be permitted to be wiped with a clean chamois leather
or a clean absorbent lint-free material for this test only.
NOTE: Standard liquid detergent shall consist of
(by volume):
(a) Monsanto TKPP, 8.00%
(b)SteroxNJ, 7.00%
(c) Stepan SXS, 8.00%
(d) Butyl Cellosolve, 1.5%
(e) Water, 75.5%
3.1.6.1 Inking Procedure. The entire finished surface
of the fitting shall be rubbed with a sponge and a 50%
solution of tap water and water-soluble contrasting
color ink after the unit has been washed and dried as
described in para. 3.1.6. The ink shall be rinsed from
the surface and then dried before inspection.
3.1.6.2 Method of Inspection of the Fitting Surface.
The surface of the fitting shall be inspected with the
unaided eye for defects from a distance of between 1 ft
and 2 ft (305 mm and 610 mm). The light source shall be
equivalent to an illumination intensity near the surface
to be inspected of 150 fc ±50 fc (1615 lx ±540 ix).
3.1.7 Performance Requirement. The fitting shall be free
from cracks. The presence of seams, flow lines, and knit
lines within suction fittings shall be permitted and shall not
be considered as cracks. No failures shall occur.
3.2 Ultraviolet Light Exposure Test
Either Test Method 1 or Test Method 2 may be utilized. Test
Method 1 is suited for products small enough to fit into
the UV test chamber, while Test Method 2 is suitable for all
products.
If Test Method 1 is used, then the ultraviolet test as
well as all the structural tests, are performed on the
complete (as sold) samples.
If Test Method 2 is used, then the ultraviolet test is
performed on "dogbone" samples molded per ASTM
D 638 from the same resin as the final production
samples. The tensile strength and Izod impact tests are
performed on two sets of the "dogbone" samples, set
A is non-exposed and set B is exposed to the ultraviolet
test. In addition, all the applicable structural tests
(paras. 3.3 through 3.8) are also performed on the
complete (as sold) virgin samples. The performance
requirements for those tests, however, will be adjusted
per para. 3.2.2.3 of this Standard.
EXCEPTION: Manufactured sumps and other fitting
components that are not exposed to natural UV
radiation when fully assembled and installed, according
to the manufacturer's instruction, shall not be required
to be included in the Ultraviolet Light Exposure Test.
3.2.1 Test Method 1. Twelve new fitting specimens shall be
exposed to ultraviolet light and water spray in accordance
with either:
(a) 720 hr of twin enclosed carbon-arc
(ASTMG 153, Table XI. 1 Cycle 1),
(b) 1,000 hr of xenon-arc
(ASTM G 155, Table X3.1 Cycle 1), or
(c) 750 hr of fluorescent
(ASTMG 154, Table X2.1 Cycle 1).
3.2.1.1 Test Method 1. Specimens shall be mounted
inside the test apparatus, with exposed surfaces of the
specimens facing the UV lamps and positioned so they
receive exposure approximating a fully assembled and
installed cover/ grate fitting. After the exposure test, the
specimens shall be removed from the test apparatus
and rejected if signs of deterioration such as cracking or
crazing appear.
Discoloration shall not be cause for rejection. They shall
then be retained under conditions of ambient room
temperature and atmospheric pressure for not less than
16 hr and not more than 96 hr before being subjected
to the following tests:
(a) Deflection Tests
(b) Point Load to Protrusion Test
(c) Shear Load Test
(d) Vacuum and Point Impact Test
(e) Pull Load Test
The intensification factor K shall be 1.0 for UV Test
Method 1.
The exposed specimen shall be permitted to be
transported from one laboratory to another, provided
time requirements are met
3.2.1.2 Performance Requirement. All the specimens
that were subject to UV Test Method 1 shall comply with
all performance requirements of the structural integrity
tests in paras. 3.3 through 3.8.
3.2.2 Test Method 2. Samples of the fitting polymeric
materials shall be exposed to ultraviolet light in
accordance with the options specified in para. 3.2.1(a),
(b), or (c), Test Method 1, and then to the tests
specified in paras. 3.2.2.1 and 3,2.2.2.
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
3.2.2.1 Tensile Strength. Samples of virgin material
(A) and UV-exposed material (B) shall be evaluated
for tensile strength as described in the Standard Test
Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics, ANSI/ASTM D
638 (ISO 527-2) using Type 1 specimens of 0.125 in.
±0.02 in. (3.2 mm ±0.4 mm) thickness and testing speed
of 0.2 in./min (5.1 mm/min) ±25%. The tensile strength
is to be that at the yield point if the material yields,
otherwise at break.
3.2.2.2 Izod Impact. Samples of virgin material (A) and
UV-exposed material (B) shall be evaluated for impact
strength as described in Method A of the Standard Test
Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastics and Electrical
Insulating Materials, ASTM D 256 or ISO 180, using
0.125 in. (3.2 mm) thick specimen.
3.2.2.3 Performance Requirement. Samples of the
material shall retain at least 70% of the unconditioned
(virgin) value when the tests indicated in paras. 3.2.2.1
and 3.2.2.2 are performed. An intensification factor K
shall be defined as the inverse of the lowest retained
proportion. The applicable structural integrity tests,
i.e., paras. 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, and 3.8, will be
conducted on the complete (as sold) non-UV-exposed
samples at loadings equal to the base values multiplied
by the intensification factor, K. For example, if 80% of
the tensile strength is retained in para. 3.2.2.1, and
85% of the Izod unit energy is retained, then K = 70.80
= 1.25. This will ensure that adequate strength remains
after service aging.
NOTE: In the following paragraphs, the factor K is
derived from para. 3.2.1.1 (Test Method 1) or para.
3.2.2.3 (Test Method 2).
3.3 Vertical Load and Deformation Test
Six fittings intended for installation in the floor or wall shall
be tested.
A point load machine readable to, at a minimum, 5 Ibf
(22 N) increments and that is equipped with a 2 in. (51 mm)
minimum diameter steel tup with a 2 in. ±Vi in. (51 mm
±13 mm) radius nose and a tup speed of 0.20 in./min to
0.25 in./min (5.1 mm/min to 8A mm/min) shall be used.
3.3.1 Test Method. Using the tup and a 2 in. (51 mm)
diameter "Skin Pad" on the face of the tup, and tup speed
described in para. 3.3, the six fittings shall be mounted in
a horizontal plane and tested. The "Skin Pad" is a % in.
(6.35 mm) thick Buna-N rubber pad of Shore A durometer
60 ±5 hardness. The tup and pad shall be centered
(a) on the fitting face
(b) at two points midway between the center and
edge
(c) at two points between stiffeners, if any
(d) at two points furthest from any support post.
A load is applied at each of the above locations until
300 Ibf ±10 Ibf (1 334 N ±44 N) is reached.
3.3.2 Performance Requirement. Suction fittings shall
not permanently deform, crack, or lose any material
from the fitting, exclusive of plating or finish.
3.4 Horizontal Load and Deformation Test
Fittings to be tested shall be the six as previously tested in
para. 3.3. This test is identical to the Vertical Test except
that the load is 150-lbf ±5 Ibf (667 N ±22 N). This applies
only to fittings intended for and marked "Wall Only" or "Wall
or Floor."
3.5 Point Load to Excess Test
Fittings to be tested shall be the six as previously tested in
paras. 3.3 and 3.4, loaded in the same manner.
3.5.1 Test Method. The test equipment to be used shall
be the same and positioned as described in para. 3.3,
with "Skin Pad." The units shall be subjected to additional
loading, with a load speed of 0.20 in./min to 0.25 in./
min (5.1 mm/min to 6.4 mm/min), until the tup protrudes
through the cover/ grate or until a value of 600 Ibf x K
±10 Ibf (2 669 NxK ±44 N) is reached.
3.5.2 Performance Requirement. Suction fittings shall not
sustain loss of any material from the fitting, exclusive of
plating or finish upon protrusion, or when a value of 600
Ibf* K ±10 Ibf (2 669 N * K ±44 N) is reached. Permanent
deformation shall not be considered a failure.
3.6 Shear Load Test
Six fittings shall be tested. They shall be those from the
Ultraviolet Light Exposure Test (para. 3.2). This test shall be
applied to all fittings that protrude Y 2 in. (13 mm) or more
from the mounting plane.
3.6.1 Test Method. The fitting shall be tested by the
application of a 150 Ibf x ±5 Ibf (667 NxK±22 N) test
load applied 30° from the mounting plane by a loading
face 2 in. 2 (645 mm 2 ) covered with a 2 in. x 2 in. (51 mm
x 51 mm) "Skin Pad" on its face. The six fittings shall be
tested using the point load machine described in para.
3.3. Three fittings shall be tested with fasteners directly in
line with the load to test the fastener's strength, and three
shall be tested with the load midway between fasteners for
general strength.
3.6.2 Performance Requirement. The cover/grate shall
remain in place. The fitting shall not permanently deform,
crack, or lose any material exclusive of plating and finish.
3.7 Pressure Differential and Point Impact Test.
The same six fittings used in the Shear Load Test (para. 3.6)
shall be tested.
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
3.7.1 Test Method
(a) The fitting to be tested shall be mounted on a
horizontal surface and covered with a 20 mil (0,5 mm)
plastic material or other suitable material. The fitting outlet
shall be connected to a vacuum or pressure (pressure will
be required for K factors greater than 1.0 ) system and it
shall be subjected to a 28.5 in. (724 mm) Hg x K vacuum
within 60 sec ±5 sec. The vacuum shall be sustained for
5 min ±10 sec.
(b) The vacuum or pressure shall be removed from the
system, and the fitting shall be impacted at 15 ft/lbf x K
(20.3 J x K) using the test method in ASTM D 2444, with
a 5 lb (2.3 kg) steel tup, 2 in. (51 mm) minimum diameter
with a 2 in. ± 1 / 2 in. (51 mm ±13 mm) radius nose. The tup
shall be dropped from a distance of 3 ft x K (914 mm x K)
aligned with the center of the fitting.
(c) The fitting shall be again connected to the vacuum
or pressure system and again it shall be subjected to
the 28.5 in. (724 mm) Hg x K differential pressure within
60 sec ±5 sec. The differential shall be sustained for an
additional 5 min ±10 sec.
After removal from the test fixture, water-soluble contrast-
ing ink shall be applied in accordance with paras. 3.1.6
and 3.1.6.1 and the fitting shall be inspected for cracks,
breaks, or fractures in accordance with para. 3.1.6.2.
3.7.2 Performance Requirement. The cover/grate shall
remain in place after the test procedures in paras. 3.7.1(a)
through (d). The fitting shall not permanently deform,
crack, or lose any material from the fitting exclusive of
plating and finish.
3.8 Pull Load Test
Pull Load Testing shall be required of all fittings with
openings of 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) or more affording a finger
grip. The measurements shall be done on the anticlastic
surface when required for the hair test, para. 4.1.5.7. The
same six fittings used in the Vacuum and Point Impact Test
(see para. 3.7) shall be tested.
3.8.1 Test Method. The cover/grate shall be tested by
the application of a 150 Ibf x K ±5 Ibf (667 NxK±22 N)
test load to the underside of the cover/grate assembly
and perpendicular to the mounting surface that will
approximate the load bearing points available to a
bather's three fingers directly adjacent to fasteners, and
midway between fasteners when the fitting is installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
3.8.2 Performance Requirement The cover/grate
shall withstand a 150 Ibf x K (667 NxK) pulling force.
Distortion under load shall not compromise the fastener(s),
loosen the cover/grate, permanently deform, or crack
the fitting.
3.9 Mold Stress Relief Distortion
3.9.1 Test Method. One sample of the complete (as
sold) non-UV-exposed fitting is to be placed in a full draft
circulating air oven maintained at a uniform temperature of
140 °F (60 °C). The sample is to remain in the oven for
7 hr. The sample is then to be removed from the oven, and
be allowed to return to room temperature.
3.9.2 Performance Requirement. This sample shall be
used for the Hair and Body Entrapment Tests to ensure
compliance therewith.
4 Hair Entrapment
4.1 General
4.1.1 Impedance. Hair drawn into or on suction fittings
shall not impede the escape of a bather.
4.1.2 Sample Types. Two types of hair shall be used in this
test and separate tests shall be run with each type.
4.1.2.1 Type 1. A full head of natural, fine, straight,
blond European, human hair with cuticle on hair stems,
16 in. (406 mm) in length, 5.5 oz ±0.5 oz (155 g ±15 g),
shall be firmly affixed in a manner approximating the
normal distribution of hair with "hook and loop" to a
Professional Wig Display Mannequin, Model No. FMH
#1SC, or equivalent, properly weighted to achieve
neutral buoyancy under the water. A scale anchoring
point shall be provided near the "neck" of the "skull."
A fresh sample of hair shall be used for each fitting
tested or when tangles in the hair cannot be removed.
Hair shall be trimmed evenly.
4.1.2.2 Type 2. Natural, medium to fine, straight, light-
brown colored human hair weighing 2 oz±0.11 oz
(57g±3g) and having a length of 16 in. (406 mm) shall
be affixed to a 1 in. (25 mm) diameter by 12 in.
(305 mm) wooden dowel as may be required to properly
place the hair sample for testing.
Consideration shall be given to the buoyancy of the
portion of the wooden dowel in excess of 12 in (305
mm) in determining the removal force. A method for
attaching a scale shall be provided on the opposite end
of the dowel. A fresh sample of hair shall be used for
each fitting tested or when tangles in the hair cannot be
removed. Hair shall be trimmed evenly.
4.1.3 Suction Fitting. Only one new suction fitting shall be
required to be tested.
4.1.4 Field Fabricated Outlets. For field fabricated outlets,
hair entrapment tests are not required, but velocity through
cover/grate openings shall not exceed 1.5 ft/sec (4.675
gpm/in. 2 ) [457 mm/sec (2.73 Lpm/cm 2 )] of open area.
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
8
Figure 3: Test Tank Pull Mechanism
Pull mechanism-
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
Scale -
Eye-
Test tank
Figure 4: Test Tank Side View
3 ft. (914 mm) to return line
Water surface
L
4.5 ft.
(1372 mm)
H~ 1.5 ft. ~H
(457 mm)
«— 175ft, —>
(533 mm)
Figure 5: Test Tank Top View
3 ft, (914 mm)
3ft
(914 mm)
return line
1 ft. 1 ft. 1 ft.
(305 mm) (305 mm} (305 mm)
L ^L ^.L >i
-3 ft. (914 mm) -
175 ft. _,
(533 mm) H
Side opening
18 in x 18 in.
(457 mm * 457 mm)
Bottom opening
18 in * 18 in,
(457 mm x 457 mm)
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
ANSi/APSP-16 2011
Figure 6: Test Tank Mounting Plate
175 ft. (533 mm)-
175 ft.
(533 mm)
a y;;©
1. 5 ft (45? mm)~
Test plate
Vz in. (13 mm)
clear acrylic
Typical suction outlet
po=«=^j
To pump inlet
Typical Mounting of Suction Outlet on
Removable 21 in. * 21 in. (533 mm x 533 mm)
Test Plate
Figure 7: Test Tank Baffles
-3 ft (914 mm)-
-o DP
ODD
a do
p a o
!:0 Q D
DD D
POO
odd
p a a
n ;a;o:
D D D
:DQD;
a p;o
id Q;P;
odd::
a a a a a
p a a a d
a da a a
d a a a a
a'p-a D D
a pod n
dp odd
a a a a a
■no a a a
a a on: a
op oao
p an da ;
a a a a p
pdb a a
q a DP D
a do
pop;
a a a
DO P
dp a
ODD:
a;p:q-
a d u
PDD
a pa
o a d
odd
:a : tm:-
con
Baffle A
NOTES:
Baffles made of V% in. (13 mm) clear acrylic.
(1)4 = 3 in. (76 mm)
(2) B = 6 in. (f 52 mm;
165 1 in, (25 mm)-
diam. holes
Baffle B
(Note 1)
B
4 ft.
(1219 mm)
4 ft.
(f 2?9 mm,)
-3 ft (914 mm)-
B
o o
o o
o o
o o
o o
o o
B
o o o
o o o
o o o
o o o
o o o
coo
a o
35 2 in. (51 mm)
diam, holes
Baffle C
(Note 2)
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
10
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
4.1.5 Test Equipment
4.1.5.1 Test Tank. The test tank for evaluation of
suction fittings for the hair entrapment test shall be in
accordance with Figures 4, 5, and 6. The baffle plates
shall be constructed as shown in Figure 7 and be
positioned as shown in Figures 4 and 5.
4.1.5.2 Pump. A properly grounded pump capable of
producing a flow rate of at least 25% greater than the
fitting manufacturer is recommended rating of the fitting
shall be used. A rate of flow meter with an accuracy of
±3% at the anticipated cover rating shall be installed in
the piping system.
4.1.5.3 Pump Inlet. The pump inlet shall be connected
to the 16 in. (406 mm) length of Schedule 40 plastic
pipe using pipe lengths and adapters as necessary.
4.1.5.4 Scale. A scale accurate within 0.1 Ibf (0A5 N)
at a tension of 5 Ibf (22 N) shall be used to determine
pounds of pull against the entrapment.
4.1.5.5 Test Fixture. The hair entrapment test fixture
shall be comprised of the test tank (Figures 4 through
7), the mechanical appurtenances, and the pull
mechanism (Figure 3).
4.1.5.6 Mounting Surface. For assemblies where
all flow passages are provided by the manufactured
components, the mounting surface of Figure 6 shall be
planar.
4.1.5.7 Test Procedure. For assemblies where a
portion of the flow passage is the pool surface and is
not controlled by the suction outlet manufacturer, the
test-mounting surface shall represent field imperfections
that may produce a hair entrapment hazard.
Figure 8: Anticlastic Mounting Surface (Typical)
The nominally square planar mounting surface shall be
distorted to an anticlastic (warped or saddle-shaped)
surface such that one corner is 2 in. (51 mm) away from
a plane defined by the other three corners of a 48 in. x
48 in. (122 mm x 122 mm) square as shown in Figure 8.
A convenient means shall support three of the corners
in a plane with 1 in. (25 mm) clearance from the nearby
surface of the frame. Then force the fourth corner 2 in.
(51 mm) from the plane of the first three. Supports shall
be localized, and 1.5 in. (38 mm) from the edges of the
mounting surface. The test specimen shall be firmly
attached to the anticlastic surface in a field installation
manner as specified by the manufacturer.
4.1.6 Alternate Test Tank
4.1.6.1 Depth of Tank. The same tank as described in
para. 4.1.5.1, with baffles, bottom, sides, and only the
one end where the fittings are tested may be used by
the insertion of the tank into a larger body of water, so
that the submerged depth of the tank is the same as in
para. 4.2.3.
4.1.6.2 Water Volume. The volume of the water in this
larger body of water shall substitute for the return line
piping depicted in Figures 4 and 5.
4.1.6.3 Alternate Test Pool. Any other body of water
may be used, provided the body of water gives
equivalent test results as intended by this Standard.
4.1.6.4 Water Currents. Influences of water currents
shall be virtually absent in the test pool as evidenced
by the suspension of the hair sample in the tank for
30 sec and noting its deviation from a vertical plumb
line hung at a distance from the nonflowing test
specimen of four times the least dimension of the test
cover/grate. The deviation shall not exceed 1 in.
(25 mm) during this time.
48 in.
(1219 mm)
Top View
Anticlastic Surface
|-*-2 in.
(51 mm)
Side View
45 in,
-(1143 mm)
A
45 in.
(1143 mm)
Bottom View with
Mounting Points
warped
mounting surface
i
2 in.
(51 mm)
rigid frame
11
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
Figure 9: Hair Test Configuration for Self-Contained Spa Fittings
suction #1
suction #2
flexible PVC hose
14 ft. ±1 ft. (4267 mm ±305 mm) -
to pump
NOTE: This represents a worst-case hydrauiically unbalanced
plumbing configuration.
4.2 Test Method
4.2.1 Testing requirements shall be in accordance with
paras. 4.1.3 and 4.1.4.
4.2.2 The suction fitting including the sump to be tested
(see Figure 6) shall be installed in accordance with
manufacturer's installation instructions on the test drain-
mounting surface. For suction fittings intended for wail
installation, the test-mounting surface shall be placed in
the vertical position, and for suction fittings intended to
be installed only in the floor installation, the test-mounting
surface shall be placed in the horizontal position. Suction
fittings intended for installation in either the wall or floor
position shall be tested in both positions. For fittings
tested in the vertical position, if the pattern of the cover/
grate is not uniform, it shall be tested in two positions,
representing the essential geometric differences. The fitting
shall be connected to a 90° elbow the same size of the
fitting outlet, and as close to the suction fitting as possible,
with a minimum of 16 in. (406 mm) of straight Schedule 40
plastic pipe the same size as the fitting socket connected
tothe90°elbow.
4.2.2.1 Self-Contained Spa Fittings shall be installed in
pairs on the test suction outlet mounting surface using
14 ft ±1 ft (4267 mm ±305 mm) of flexible PVC hose
in accordance with Figure 9. The size(s) of the flexible
PVC tubing shall be specified by the self-contained spa
fitting manufacturer. When more than one size of hose
is specified, each size shall be tested. Suction #1,
shown if Figure 9, shall be tested for hair entrapment in
accordance with paras. 4.2.3 through 4,3.
4.2.3 The tank shall be filled with water at a temperature
at 90 °F ±10 °F (32 °C ±6 °C) to a depth of 12 in. ± 1 / 2
in. (305 mm ±13 mm) above the top edge of the cover/
grate, or to a depth in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions for swim jet combination fittings.
4.2.4 Prior to energizing the test pump, the pull mecha-
nism shall be verified to ensure a consistent speed when
pulling weights from 2 Ibf to 10 Ibf (8.9 N to 44 N). Within
that range of test weights, the speed of the pull shall be
5 in./sec ±0.25 in./sec (127 mm/sec ±6 mm/sec),
4.2.5 The test pump shall be activated and the flow
shall be regulated to 10 gpm (38 L/min) less than the
fitting manufacturer's recommended gpm flow rate. If the
fitting rating is not known, this test shall be started at 25
gpm (95 L/min). The fitting manufacturer may specify the
starting test flow rate for each fitting to be tested.
4.2.6 Prior to use, the hair shall be cleaned in a 10%
volume of Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate (AOS) and water.
After cleaning thoroughly, rinse in potable water. Hair
samples shall be cleaned after every ten pulls. Dry hair
shall be saturated for a minimum of 2 min in the test tank.
When saturated, the hair shall be placed on the dowel/
human skull and attached to the piston. When testing on
a vertical fitting, the free end of the hair shall be placed
approximately 12 in. (305 mm) in front of the suction
fitting, 2 in. (51 mm) above the face of the fitting, as
illustrated in Figure 10.
4.2.7 In both tests the hair shall be slowly moved closer to
the suction portions of the fitting, and the ends of the hair
shall be fed into the fitting in the direction of the intake
flow as illustrated in Figure 10. The hair shall be continually
fed into the fitting while moving the skull or dowel from
side-to-side in a sweeping motion.
The magnitude of the sweeping motion shall be reduced
with each pass of the skull or dowel. The hair shall be fed
into the fitting over a period of 60 sec ±5 sec. Then the
skull or dowel end shall be held against the fitting for 30
sec ±5 sec. The skull or dowel shall then be released and
allowed to float or remain free for 30 sec ±5 sec.
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
12
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
Figure 10: Hair Test Diagrams
Full head of
human hair
- 2 oz. of human hair
/
/
1 in.
(25 mm)
$f 1in.
JJ/ (25 mm)
8
/
Water surface
1 in. (25 mm}
Horizontally Mounted Suction Outlet
Vertically Mounted Suction Outlet
NOTE: Showing 2 oz. hair test. Same to be performed with full head of hair.
4.2.7.1 If testing a horizontal fitting, testing shall start
with the end of the hair 2 in. (51 mm) above the fitting
in a similar sweeping motion.
4.2.7.2 In testing any fitting which is not entirely
symmetric, or those mounted on an anticlastic surface,
testing shall start with the end of the hair 2 in. (51 mm)
from all representative locations around the fitting.
4.2.8 The flow rate shall be increased in 5 gpm (19 L/min)
increments ±3% and ten tests shall be performed at each
flow rate. Brush hair prior to each test to keep tangle-free.
4.2.8.1 With the test pump still operating, the amount
of force necessary to free the hair from the fitting shall
be measured. The skull or dowel shall be attached
to the scale and the scale shall be zeroed and then
pulled in a vertical orientation away from the fitting by
activating the hair removal mechanism. The force of the
entrapment shall be measured and recorded. A sample
reporting form for recording the data is provided in non-
mandatory Appendix A.
4.2.8.2 Where a failure is determined with a specific
5 gpm (19 L/min) increase, the unit shall be permitted
to be retested in 1 gpm (3.8 L/min) increments up to the
point of the previous failure in order to determine the
rating under this section.
4.3 Performance Requirement
A pull of 5 Ibf (22 N) or greater on any one of the ten
tests, including the equalized weight of the saturated
test apparatus, shall be deemed a failure, and the flow
rate in gpm at failure shall be recorded. If one failure in
ten pulls occurs, repeat the test ten more times.
All additional tests shall pass before moving to the next
value. The highest passing flow rate shall be divided by
1.25 to determine the maximum allowable rating of the
suction fitting unless the manufacturer has set a lower
flow rate, which then shall be the rating of this fitting.
5 Body Entrapment
5.1 General
5.1.1 Design and Installation. Suction fittings shall
be designed and installed to reduce the potential for
body entrapment. The potential for body entrapment is
addressed by the proper selection of the size of outlet
cover/grate or the proper installation of more than one
suction outlet.
5.1.2 Fittings
5.1.2.1 Body Entrapment Test shall apply to all fittings
and suction outlets covered under this Standard. For
manufactured fittings only one new fitting shall be
required to be tested.
5.1.2.1.1 Self-Contained Spa Fittings shall be tested
for conformance with Section 5 Body Entrapment
using a single-outlet configuration. The Body
Entrapment Test shall not be performed using the
configuration of para. 4.2.2.1.
5.1.2.2 Suction outlet cover/ grates that cannot be
completely covered by the 18 in. x 23 in. (457 mm x
584 mm) body blocking element may be rated by either
the test procedures called for in this section or by
calculation in accordance with para. 2.3.1.
13
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
Figure 11: Body Block Element
^■i
Figure 12: Body Block Element Dimensions
waterproofed
plywood
foam
HL— 0.75 in.
I (19 mm}
-2 in.
(51 mm}
5.1.3 Test Equipment. A torso specimen is defined as
a rectangular form representing the flat portion of the
99th percentile adult male body (Mandatory Appendix I).
Representing this form for test purposes is the body block
element that is an 18 in. x 23 in. x 2 in. (457 mm x 584
mm x 51 mm) section of foam identified as "Closed Cell
NBR/PVC Foam with a compression deflection value of
1.5 psi to 3.0 psi (10 kPa to 21 kPa) at 25% deflection as
measured in accordance with ASTM D 1056-00." It shall be
mounted against an 18 in. x 23 in. x % in. (457 mm x 584
mm x 19 mm) waterproofed plywood backing, with the skin
side away from the plywood, with an eyebolt, hitching ring,
or equivalent at the centroid as shown in Figures 11 and
12. The specimen shall be ballasted to neutral buoyancy,
within 0.7 Ibf (3 J N), at the test depth.
Corners of the applicable body-blocking element as well as
the body-blocking element shall be radiused with a radii of
22% of the width dimension.
5.2 Test Method
5.2.1 With the outlet flowing at the smaller of the
maximum flow specified by the manufacturer or designer
or as determined in para. 4.3, the 18 in. x 23 in. (457
mm x 584 mm) body block element, concentrically loaded,
shall be placed on the cover/grate with an applied force of
120 Ibf (534 N) and in such a position as to be centered or
cover the largest area of the
cover/grate.
5.2.1.1 For purposes of calculating the maximum
allowable release force, the smallest blocking element
that will completely shadow the suction outlet cover/
grate being tested shall be referred to as the applicable
body-blocking element.
5.2.1.2 Applicable body blocking elements may range
in size from the 18 in. x 23 in. (457mm x 584 mm) size
down to a minimum dimension of 9 in. x 11.5 in.
(229 mm x 292 mm) as given in Table 1. Corners
shall be rounded with a radius of 22% of the width
dimension.
5.2.2 Swim jet combination fittings shall be tested by
placing the body-blocking element fully against and
centered on the fixture faceplate with a force of 120 Ibf
(534 N).
5.3 Performance Requirement
5.3.1 Under these test conditions, to pass the Body
Entrapment Test, the maximum allowable removal force
(in pounds), immediately after the 120 Ibf (534 N)
applied force is released, shall be based on the following
calculation using the width of the smallest applicable body
blocking element. This maximum shall not be exceeded in
three consecutive tests.
NOTE: See Table 1 for computation of the maximum
removal force.
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
14
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
Table 1: Applicable Body Block Element -
•Calculation of Removal Force
Min. Width
Ratio of
Blocking Element
Blocking Element
Element
Times Child
Maximum
to Shadow
Length =
Basis is
Width to
Ratio
Weight =
One-Half
Removal
Bather
Tested Cover
1,2777 x Width
Child Width
Child Width
Cubed
30 lb
Weight
Effort No.
99th percentile male
51
23.0
9
2.00
8.00
240
120
120
17.5
22.4
9
1.94
7.35
221
110
110
17
21.7
9
1.89
6.74
202
101
101
16.5
21.1
9
1.83
6.16
185
92
92
16
20.4
9
1.78
5.62
169
84
84
15.5
19.8
9
1.72
5.11
153
77
77
15
19.2
9
1.67
4.63
139
69
69
14.5
18.5
9
1.61
4.18
125
63
63
14
17.9
9
1.56
3.76
113
56
56
56
17.2
9
1.50
3.38
101
51
51
13
16.6
9
1.44
3.01
90
45
45
12.5
16.0
9
1.39
2.68
80
40
40
12
15.3
9
1.33
2.37
71
36
36
11.5
14.7
9
1.28
2.09
63
31
31
11
14.1
9
1.22
1.83
55
27
27
10.5
13.4
9
1.17
1.59
48
24
24
10
12.8
9
1.11
1.37
41
21
21
9.5
12.1
9
1.06
1.19
35
18
18
3 year old child
9
11.5
9
1.00
1.00
30
15
15
NOTES:
(a) All dimensions in inches (1 in. = 25.4 mm)
(b) This Table calculates the maximum removal effort that shall be required to remove the body blocking element from the cover/grate being tested as
based on the width of the applicable body blocking element. Intermediate values may be calculated using the formula (width/9) 3 x 15
Example: 10.7/9 = 1.188; 1.188 3 = 1.68; 168 multiplied by 15 = 25.2 Ibf
5.3.2 Where a failure is determined at the tested flow rate
as specified in para. 5.2.1, the unit shall be allowed to be
tested in 5 gpm (19 L/min) decreases until the unit passes.
The unit shall then be permitted to be retested in 1 gpm
(3.8 L/min) increments up to the point of the previous
failure in order to determine its rating under this section.
6 Finger and Limb Entrapment
6.1 General
6.1.1 Design and Installation. Suction fittings shall be
designed and installed to reduce the potential for digit or
limb entrapment.
6.1.1.1 When fully assembled, suction fittings shall not
have any accessible opening that allows the passage
of the 1 in. (25 mm) cylindrical end of the UL Articulate
Probe.
6.1.2 Small Aperture. A small aperture is an opening
with two or more dimensions smaller than 1 in. (25 mm)
(see Figure 13, p. 16).
6.1.3 Large Aperture. A large aperture is an opening
with only one dimension smaller than 1 in. (25 mm)
(see Figure 13).
6.1.4 Suction Outlet Testing
6.1.4.1 All suction outlets covered under this Standard
shall be subjected to the following test.
6.1.4.2 Finger Entrapment Tests shall be conducted on
one new suction fitting from each mold cavity.
6.1.5 Conditions for Tests. Tests shall be conducted at
room temperature using new dry fittings.
6.1.6 Conditions Using UL Articulate Probe. Tests shall be
conducted with the UL Articulate Probe in accordance with
Figures 1, 13, 14, 15, and 16.
6.2 Test Method
Each aperture on the assembled suction fitting shall be
subjected to the insertion of both ends of an UL Articulate
Probe. Using 3 Ibf (12 N) ±5%, the Articulate Probe shall
be urged through all exposed apertures of the assembled
suction fitting.
6.3 Performance Requirement
A small or large aperture is permitted when the 1 in.
(25 mm) cylindrical end of the UL Articulate Probe cannot
be made to penetrate through to the inside surface of the
aperture and as follows:
15
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
Figure 13: Finger Probe-Finger and Limb Entrapment Test
Boundary of aperture
PASS
(Notel)
"Second Articulation Joint"
v "First Articulation Joint"
PASS'
(Note 3)
Apposing surface
EXAMPLE: Small apertures; Two or more
dimensions (D1 and 02} smaller than 1 in. (25 mm)
USE FIRST ARTICULATION JOINT
EXAMPLE: Large apertures: Only one
dimension (D1) smaller than 1 in. {25 mm}
USE SECOND ARTICULATION JOINT
D1
D2
D3
NOTES:
1. "Edges" inside aperture are less than 0.311 in. {7,9 mm} wide and there are no protrusions above the aperture surface.
2. An "edge" wider than 0.31 1 in. (7.9 mm} but it is outside the aperture.
3. Transitional radius > 0.79 in (19 mm).
Figure 14: Finger Probe
■nw|
-#-? ; • - 1
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
16
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
Figure 15: Finger Probe Dimensions
R = 0.14 in. (3.5 mm)
0.002 in, (0.05mm)
0.002 in. (0.05mm)
0.63 in, (16.0mm)
1.00 in. (25.4 mm)
|— 0.002 in. (0.05 mm)
-3.07 in. (78.0 mm)
3.82 in. (97.0 mm)
1 .97 in. (50,0 mm)
U
- 3.07 in. (76.0 mm)
— R = 0.98 in. (24.9 mm)
0.20 in (5, 1 mm)
1.18 in (30.0 mm)
236 m (59,9 mm)
3.54 in (89.9 mm)
" f^, 3.78 in f96.0m/n;
3.94 in (f 00. f mmj
5.35 in (f 35. 9 mm;
6.06 in f f 5a 9 mm)
9.21 in. (233.9 mm.)
1.00 in. (25,4 mm)
Figure 16: Finger Probe Knuckle Dimensions
fQ
0.389 in,
f& 7 mm) '
0.528 in.
(13.4 mm) '
t
1.18 in. (30 mm)
2.36 in. f60 mm)
100 in.
(25.4 mm) ~
0.326 in.
(8.3 mm)
0.460 in.
(11.7 mm)
17
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
(a) Small apertures shall be permitted when the
centerline of the first articulation joint, located 1.18 in.
(30 mm) from the point end of the UL Articulate Probe,
cannot be made to pass beyond an edge or pinch point
that is located inside the aperture being tested.
(See Figure 1, p. 2.)
(b) Large aperture(s) shall be permitted when the
centerline of the second articulation joint, located 2.36
in. (59,9 mm) from the point end of the UL Articulate
Probe, cannot be made to pass beyond an apposed
edge or pinch point that is located inside the aperture
being tested. (See Figure 13.)
(c) Edges and pinch points shall be permitted within the
aperture and within range of the first articulate joint in
accordance with Figure 13 if they are less than 0.311
in. (7.9 mm) wide, measured parallel to the aperture
opening.
(d) Edges and pinch points created by molding lines,
engraved text, and symbols shall be permitted within
the aperture provided they do not exceed a height of
0.025 In. (0.64 mmj.
7 Packaging and Installation Instructions
7.1 Marking of Suction Fittings
7.1.1 Fittings that comply with ASME A112.19.8 shall be
permanently marked as follows in a manner that is visible
in the installed position and where the text is no smaller
than 0.08 in. (203 mm) tall:
(a) The following is an example of a typical marking:
EXAMPLE:
For Multiple Drain Use Only
108 GPM
Swim Jet Life: 7 Years
Wall Only
Quantum 1563-W
(b) The positioning or arrangement of this marking shall
be in the following sequence when possible:
(1) Certification markings as required by responsible
jurisdictional authority.
(2) The statement "For Single or Multiple Outlet Use,"
"For Single Outlet Use," or "For Multiple Outlet Use
Only." Self-contained spa fittings shall be marked with
"For Use in Self-Contained Factory Manufactured Spas
Only" and Tor Multiple Outlet Use Only."
(3) The lesser of the maximum flow rate in gpm as
determined in accordance with para. 2.3.1.4, 4.3,
or 5.3.2. A fitting shall be permitted to be marked
with multiple flow rates (i.e., a flow rating for "Floor"
installations and another for "Wall" installations).
(4) The "Type" of the fitting in accordance with
para. 1.1.6.
(5) Fitting components shall be marked "Life: X Years"
where the manufacturer indicates the appropriate
installed life in years. Individual components may be
marked with unique life spans.
(6) Installation position- "Wall Only," or "Floor Only," or
"Wall or Floor" if allowed in both positions.
(7) Manufacturer's name or registered trademark.
(8) Model designation.
7.1.2 As an alternate to marking field fabricated outlets,
the owner of the facility where these fittings will be
installed shall be advised in writing by the Registered
Design Professional the information called for in paras.
7.1.1(b)(1) through (8).
7.2 Packaging of Suction Ratings
7.2.1 The packaging and installation instructions for
manufactured fittings shall contain
(a) information on installation and service, including:
(1) type designation in accordance with para. 1.1.6,
including any requirement for multiple outlets required
per pump
(2) instructions not to locate suction outlets on
seating areas or on the backrests for such seating
areas
(3) instructions stating that when two or more suction
fittings are used on a common suction line, they shall
be separated by a minimum of 3 ft
(914 mm), or if any are located closer, they shall be
located on two different planes (i.e., one on the bottom
and one on the vertical wall, or one each on two
separate vertical walls), such that it is unlikely both
could be simultaneously blocked
(4) instructions stating that in the event of one suction
outlet being completely blocked, the remaining suction
outlets serving that system shall have a flow rating
capable of the full flow of the pump(s) for the specific
suction system
(5) maximum flow rating with head loss curve
(6) acceptable connecting pipe size(s)
(7) mounting position(s)
(8) suction outlet part number(s), and/or model
number(s), and detailed field build sump design
specifications, when applicable
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
18
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
(9) part number/description list, and "Replace within
7Y' installed years" for all parts
(10) tools required
(11) service and winterizing instructions
(b) a cautionary note not to exceed the maximum
allowable flow rate stated on the suction fitting
(c) a note that the suction fitting including fasteners
should be observed for damage or tampering before
each use of this facility
(d) a statement that missing, broken, or cracked
suction fittings shall be replaced before using this
facility
(e) a statement that loose suction fittings shall be
reattached or replaced before using this facility
(f) a statement "Read, then keep these instructions
for future reference"
(g) a cautionary note about increasing flow by
increasing pump size.
19
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
ANSi/APSP-16 2011
Mandatory Appendix I
Torso Specimen with Rectangle Superimposed
99th Percentile Man
15 in.
(381 mm)
20,5 in.
(521 mm)
184 in.
(467 mm)
18 in.
(457 mm)
■ 20.6 in. (523 mm) •
-18 in. (457 mm) ~
3.4 in. (86 mm)
23 in.
(584 mm)
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
A-l
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
Mandatory Appendix II
Fitting Type Requirements
Table II Fitting Type Requirements
Type
Field Fabricated
Outlets
Venturi
Outlets
Swim Jet
Combination Outlets
Submerged
Suction Outlets
Self-Contained
Spa Fittings
Certification
Registered Design
Professional
Independent
Laboratory (1)
Independent
Laboratory (1)
Independent
Laboratory (1)
Independent
Laboratory (1)
Single or multiple
Yes
Per manufacturer
Per manufacturer
Per manufacturer
Multiple only
Require tools to open
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
UVtest and usable lifetime
labeling
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sump/fitting specification
required
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Body entrapment test
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Vertical load
Note 2
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Horizontal load
Note 2
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Excess load
Note 2
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Shear test
Note 2
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Vacuum test
Note 2
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Pull test
Note 2
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Hair test
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Finger test
Note 2
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
NOTES:
(1) All testing and any certification of this fitting shall be in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025.
(2) Design shall be per Registered Design Professional.
A-2
©2011 The Association of Pool & Spa Professionals
ANSI/APSP-16 2011
,#
,^-
^ericanf
American National Standard for
Suction Fittings for Use in
Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs
Familiarity with the ANSI/APSP standards is essential for anyone who builds,
manufactures, sells, or services pools, spas or hot tubs.
The Association of
Pool & Spa Professionals"
2111 Eisenhower Avenue
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ANSI/APSP-16 2011
Non-mandatory Appendix A
Suction Fitting Test Form-Hair Entrapment
Suction Fitting Test Form-Hair Entrapment
Date:
Pump Type:
Water Temp:
Operator:
Hair Type:
Maximum Flow
(gpm) '
Protocol:
Fitting Description:
Maximum Vacuum
(in Hg) 2
Fi 3
(gpm)
V
(in Hg)
123456789 10
Comments 7
Ff 5 (gpm)
Vf 6 (in Hg)
Pull (Ibf)
Ff
Vf
Pull
Ff
Vf
Pull
Ff
Vf
Pull
Ff
Vf
Pull
Ff
Vf
Pull
NOTES:
(1) Maximum Flow (gpm) shall be the flow rate measurement in gallons per minute with the fitting in place with all valves fully open.
(2) Maximum Vacuum (in Hg) shall be the vacuum recorded in inches of mercury as measured at maximum flow.
(3) Fj shall mean the initial flow rate in gallons per minute, which is measured before the entanglement effort is started.
(4) Vj shall mean the initial vacuum as measured in inches of mercury before the entanglement effort is started.
(5) Ff shall mean the final flow rate as measured prior to removal of the hair.
(6) Vf shall mean the final vacuum as measured prior to removal of the hair.
(7) Report any significant changes here.
(Approved by the American National Standards Institute February 17, 2011)
©2011 The Association of Poo! & Spa Professionals
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